 Use Case Diagram for Food Delivery App
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"User Acceptance Testing is not just an activity in the project, but a powerful process that helps shape and ensure the success of the final product, aligning it with the needs and expectations of the end-users."
User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a type of software testing where end-users or stakeholders test the system to ensure it meets their needs and requirements. UAT is performed after the software has gone through other types of testing, such as unit testing, integration testing, and system testing. The purpose of UAT is to validate that the system functions as intended, meets the end-users' needs, and is ready for release or ready to be deployed in the live environment.
"UAT or User Acceptance Testing is performed on real client data involving actual and complex use cases as opposed to test data which may be utilised be the development or testing team for testing purposes in absence of real client data in some cases."
User Acceptance Testing
User Acceptance Testing - 10 Points to Remember
- UAT is performed by end-users or stakeholders, not the development team. This ensures that the system is tested from the perspective of those who will use it.
- UAT is typically the final stage of testing before the software is released to production. It helps to identify any last-minute issues or bugs that need to be fixed.
- The purpose of UAT is to validate the software against the user's requirements, business processes, and use cases. This ensures that the system functions as intended and meets the end-users' needs.
- UAT can be performed in different ways, such as manual testing, automated testing, or a combination of both. The choice of method depends on the complexity of the system and the resources available.
- UAT test cases should be developed based on the user's requirements and business processes. This ensures that the tests are relevant to the end-users and cover all the essential functionality of the system.
- The UAT test plan should be developed in collaboration with the end-users and stakeholders. This ensures that the testing aligns with their expectations and requirements.
- UAT should be performed in a test environment that is similar to the production environment. This ensures that the system behaves the same way in both environments.
- UAT results should be documented and shared with the development team. This allows the team to address any issues that were identified during testing and make any necessary changes before release.
- UAT should be performed on the entire system, not just individual components. This ensures that all parts of the system work together as intended.
- UAT should be performed by a diverse group of end-users to ensure that the system meets the needs of all users, regardless of their background or experience.
Let us learn this with the following examples
- Online Shopping Website:
- Sprint 1:
- As a customer, I want to search for products by keyword, so that I can find what I'm looking for quickly.
- As a customer, I want to create an account, so that I can save my preferences and order history.
- Sprint 2:
- As a customer, I want to add products to my shopping cart, so that I can purchase them later.
- As a customer, I want to view my shopping cart, so that I can see what I've added.
- Sprint 3:
- As a customer, I want to checkout and make a payment, so that I can complete my purchase.
- As a customer, I want to receive a confirmation email, so that I can track my order.
- Sprint 1:
- Travel Booking App:
- Sprint 1:
- As a user, I want to search for flights, so that I can find one that meets my requirements.
- As a user, I want to filter my search results by price, duration, and airline, so that I can make an informed decision.
- Sprint 2:
- As a user, I want to book a flight, so that I can secure my travel plans.
- As a user, I want to view my itinerary, so that I can see all my booked flights.
- Sprint 3:
- As a user, I want to cancel a booked flight, so that I can make changes to my travel plans.
- As a user, I want to receive a confirmation email, so that I can keep track of my booking.
- Sprint 1:
- Project Management Tool:
- Sprint 1:
- As a user, I want to create a new project, so that I can start organizing my work.
- As a user, I want to add team members to my project, so that we can collaborate.
- Sprint 2:
- As a user, I want to create tasks within my project, so that I can break down my work.
- As a user, I want to assign tasks to team members, so that we can work together.
- Sprint 3:
- As a user, I want to track the progress of tasks, so that I can see how the project is progressing.
- As a user, I want to generate reports on project status, so that I can share updates with stakeholders.
- Sprint 1:
"User stories are the currency of meaningful conversation in agile development, translating customer needs into actionable work for the team."
A user story is a concise, informal description of a software feature or functionality from the perspective of an end user. User stories are a common way to capture and communicate requirements in agile development methodologies, particularly in Scrum. User stories typically consist of several key attributes, which help teams understand and prioritize the work to be done. These attributes include:
- Title or Header: A brief, descriptive title that summarizes the essence of the user story. It should be simple and easy to understand.
- User Role: The user or persona for whom the feature is being developed. This helps the team understand who will benefit from the feature.
- User Story Statement: A short, narrative description of the feature, often written in the following format: "As a [user role], I want [an action] so that [benefit/value]." For example, "As a customer, I want to be able to reset my password so that I can regain access to my account."
- Acceptance Criteria: Detailed, specific conditions or criteria that must be met for the user story to be considered complete. These criteria define the scope and functionality of the story and serve as a basis for testing and validation
- Priority: The relative importance of the user story in the product backlog. It can be assigned a priority value or ranked based on the needs of the project or product.
- Estimate: An estimate of the effort required to implement the user story. This could be in terms of story points, ideal days, or any other unit of measurement the team uses for estimating work.
- Definition of Done (DoD): The agreed-upon set of criteria that must be satisfied for the user story to be considered "done" and ready for release. It ensures that the feature is complete and meets the team's quality standards.
- Dependencies: Any external factors, user stories, or tasks that the team needs to consider or address while working on this user story.
- Notes and Comments: Additional information or context that might be relevant to the user story, such as technical considerations or clarifications.
- Attachments: Any relevant documents, mock-ups, or diagrams that can help in understanding and implementing the user story.
"Failing to plan is planning to fail." - Alan Lakein
When scheduling a software project, it's essential to establish a structured approach to prioritizing requirements. This process can be organized into four key categories: Efficiency, Curtsy, Exigency, and Emergency, often represented by the acronym "ECEE."
- Efficiency: Prioritizing for efficiency means considering the natural order in which project modules should be developed. This involves sequencing requirements based on their interdependencies, ensuring that foundational components are built before more complex features. By adhering to this order, the development process becomes smoother, as modules are constructed in a logical and progressive manner. Example: You have to build a software system for your client which has functionalities for
- Employee Database
- Employee Attendance
- Leave
- Payroll.
- Curtsy: The 'Curtsy' approach focuses on client satisfaction by giving priority to requirements that are most important to the client. These could be features that directly address the client's needs, preferences, or competitive advantages. By putting the client's wishes at the forefront, the project is more likely to result in a product that meets or exceeds their expectations. Continuing with our earlier example project let us say this project takes 4 months to complete and let us hypothetically assume each of the 4 modules will be delivered in 4 iterations or 4 delivery cycles or 4 sprints. However the client has to start his business and has the preference to immediately mark the attendance to start with. In this case the project can be taken up with capturing / importing say employee id (unique) , employee name and moving ahead with the attendance module.
"Time management is not about doing more; it's about doing what matters." - Unknown
Requirements Prioritisation Matrix
"The key is not to prioritize what's on your schedule but to schedule your priorities." – Stephen R. Covey
Requirements prioritization is a fundamental aspect of project management and product development. It involves the strategic ranking of requirements based on their importance, value, and impact on the overall project goals. By prioritizing requirements, teams can focus their efforts on the most critical features, ensuring that resources are allocated effectively and that high-value functionalities are delivered early. This process helps in managing scope and adapting to changing project dynamics, aligning stakeholder expectations, and delivering the most valuable components first, thereby increasing the project's chances of success. Effective requirements prioritization is a key element in delivering products that meet customer needs and achieve project objectives while staying within constraints and timelines.
"You can do anything, but not everything." – David Allen
Requirement Prioritisation Techniques in Agile Development
Insurance Domain or Insurance competency has become a steady revenue earner for IT companies. Demand for Business Analysts, Subject Matter Experts and Product Owners is on a significant uptrend. Here we cover 5 common Non-Life Insurance Processes.
Non-life insurance, is also known as property and casualty insurance. This covers a wide range of insurance types that provide protection against risks other than life and health. Here are five common non-life insurance processes:
- Underwriting Process: Underwriting is the process of assessing the risk associated with insuring a potential policyholder and determining the terms and conditions of the insurance policy. Non-life insurance companies use various data sources and risk assessment models to evaluate the likelihood of a claim occurring. This process helps insurers set appropriate premiums and coverage limits.
- Claims Processing: Claims processing involves managing and evaluating insurance claims made by policyholders who have experienced a loss or damage covered by their insurance policy. This process includes verifying the claim, assessing the extent of the damage, and determining the compensation amount based on the terms of the policy.
- Policy Issuance and Management: This process involves the creation, issuance, and ongoing management of insurance policies. It includes capturing customer information, setting up policy terms, generating policy documents, and ensuring accurate record-keeping throughout the policy's lifecycle.
- Premium Collection and Accounting: Premium collection is the process of collecting insurance premiums from policyholders. Non-life insurance companies manage billing cycles, payment processing, and account reconciliation. This process is crucial for maintaining the financial health of the insurance company.
- Risk Assessment and Loss Prevention: Non-life insurance companies engage in risk assessment and loss prevention activities to reduce the likelihood of claims. This involves offering risk management advice to policyholders to help them mitigate potential risks, implementing safety guidelines, and promoting practices that reduce the occurrence of covered incidents.
If you have what it takes and you wish to take up a role of a Business Analyst or Subject Matter expert you can whatsapp us at https://wa.me/919810055734
Business Analyst Vs Financial Analyst
Analyst is a pretty generic word, An Analyst has to analyze a problem , situation, question, requirement in detail and come up with insights, solutions etc
IT Business Analyst and Financial Analyst are two distinct roles within the business world, each with its own set of responsibilities and areas of focus. Here are the key differences between these two roles:
- Focus of Analysis:
- IT Business Analyst: An IT Business Analyst primarily focuses on the information technology (IT) aspects of a business. They work to bridge the gap between business needs and IT solutions. Their main responsibilities include gathering and analyzing business requirements, documenting processes, and designing IT systems or software solutions to meet those requirements. They often work on projects related to software development, system implementation, or process improvement.
- Financial Analyst: A Financial Analyst, on the other hand, primarily focuses on financial data and activities within a business. They analyze financial statements, market trends, investment opportunities, and economic factors to provide insights and recommendations related to financial decision-making. Financial Analysts work with financial data to assess the company's financial health, make investment recommendations, and help with budgeting and forecasting.
- IT Business Analyst: An IT Business Analyst primarily focuses on the information technology (IT) aspects of a business. They work to bridge the gap between business needs and IT solutions. Their main responsibilities include gathering and analyzing business requirements, documenting processes, and designing IT systems or software solutions to meet those requirements. They often work on projects related to software development, system implementation, or process improvement.
- Types of Analysis:
- IT Business Analyst: IT Business Analysts perform process analysis, requirements analysis, and system analysis. They identify inefficiencies in business processes and recommend technology solutions to streamline operations. They also work with stakeholders to understand their needs, create functional specifications, and support the development and implementation of IT solutions.
- Financial Analyst: Financial Analysts conduct financial analysis, investment analysis, and risk analysis. They evaluate financial data to provide insights into investment opportunities, assess the company's financial performance, and help in decision-making related to investments, budgeting, and financial planning.
- IT Business Analyst: IT Business Analysts perform process analysis, requirements analysis, and system analysis. They identify inefficiencies in business processes and recommend technology solutions to streamline operations. They also work with stakeholders to understand their needs, create functional specifications, and support the development and implementation of IT solutions.
- Skill Sets:
- IT Business Analyst: IT Business Analysts require a combination of technical knowledge and business acumen. They need skills in requirements gathering, data analysis, system design, and communication to bridge the gap between business stakeholders and IT teams.
- Financial Analyst: Financial Analysts need strong analytical and financial modeling skills. They should be well-versed in financial tools, accounting principles, and market analysis. Additionally, communication and presentation skills are crucial for conveying financial information effectively.
- IT Business Analyst: IT Business Analysts require a combination of technical knowledge and business acumen. They need skills in requirements gathering, data analysis, system design, and communication to bridge the gap between business stakeholders and IT teams.
- Typical Industries:
- IT Business Analyst: IT Business Analysts are commonly found in industries that heavily rely on IT systems and software, such as technology companies, finance, healthcare, and retail. They play a crucial role in software development projects, system upgrades, and process optimization.
- Financial Analyst: Financial Analysts work in a wide range of industries, including banking, investment firms, insurance, corporate finance, and government. They are essential in helping businesses make informed financial decisions and managing their resources.
- IT Business Analyst: IT Business Analysts are commonly found in industries that heavily rely on IT systems and software, such as technology companies, finance, healthcare, and retail. They play a crucial role in software development projects, system upgrades, and process optimization.
SAFe Certification for a bullet proof career
SAFe is the new name in the Scrum Game, more and more professionals are enquiring about SAFE
SAFe, or the Scaled Agile Framework, is an agile framework designed to help large organizations adopt and implement agile and lean practices at scale. SAFe provides a structured approach to agile transformation and is intended to guide enterprises in achieving business agility while delivering value to customers more efficiently and effectively. It was developed by Scaled Agile, Inc.
Key components and concepts of the SAFe framework include:
Key components and concepts of the SAFe framework include:
- Principles: SAFe is built on a set of principles that align with the values and principles of the Agile Manifesto. These principles guide organizations in their journey toward agility, emphasizing concepts such as customer-centricity, decentralized decision-making, and promoting a Lean-Agile mindset.
- Roles: SAFe defines specific roles within organizations, including the Release Train Engineer (RTE), Product Owner, Scrum Master, and various leadership roles. These roles play a critical part in the agile transformation and the execution of SAFe.
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